a-, an-  not, without
ab-, a-, abs-  away
acr-, acro-  height, summit, tip
aer-, aero-   air, atmosphere
albus- white
ambi-  both, on both sides
ampulla- botile, flask
ana-  again, against, back
angeion – vessel
ant-, anti-   against, opposed to, preventive
ante-, anti-  before, in front of, prior to
anth-, antho-   flower
aqu-   water
archaeo-, archeo-  ancient
arthr-, arthro- joint
astr-, astro-   star, star-shaped
aur-  relating to gold, or gold-colored
aureus – golden, gold coin
avi-  bird

B

bac-  rod-shaped
baro-  weight, pressure
basi-  at thè bottoni
bi-  two
bio-  life
blast- germ, embryo, bud, celi with nucleus
bon(i)- good
bor-  north
brach-  short
brachi-, brachio- arm
brachys, brachy – short
brev(i)-  brief, short (time)
brevis – short
bronch- windpipe
bucc- check, mouth, cavity
burs- pouch, purse

C

camp-   field
cand- glowing,iridescent
canis – dog, coyote
cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- hold, take
capit-, -cipit- head
cav-  hollow
cen(o)- new
cephale- head
cephalo- head
cervie- relating to thè neck, relating to thè cervix
chrom- color
chryso- gold
clad- branch
coccus- seed, sphere
cochl- shell
coel- hollow
crypt- hidden
cune- wedge
curv- bent
cyan- blue

D

deca – ten
derma – skin
dino- terrible
diplo- doublé
dorsum – back

E

echinos, echino- hedgehog, sea-urchin, spiny ‘
equ- horse
erythros, erythro- red
eu-   well
exo-   outside

F

falc-  sickle
fase-  bundle
felis- cat
ferr-  iron
flav-  yellow
flavus- Golden yellow, light yellow
fort-   strong
fruct-, frug- fruit
fulvus- Deep yellow, tawny
fung-, funct- do
fuse- dark

G

galact-  milk
gastr- stomach
ge(o)- earth
glabra- smooth, hairless

H

haem(o)- blood
haema-, hema – blood
hali-, hallo – of thè sea, salt
beli-, helio- sun
helico- spirai
hom(o)-   same
homeo- like
hydro- water
hyper- above, over

I

inter- among, between
intra- within

K

kil(o)- thousand

L

lact- milk
lat(i)- broad, wide
leuc(o)-, leuk(o)- white
lig- bind
lip(o)- fat
lith(o)- stone
lue- bright, light
lutea- yellow, saffron-colored

M

macr- long
macro- long, large
mamm- breast
medi-, -midi- middle
meg- great, large
melan- black, dark 
mening- membrane
mes- middle
micr(o)-   small
mili-  thousand
min-  less, smaller
mir-  wonder, amazement
mono- single
morph-   form, shape
morpho-   shape
mort-   death
mur-   wall
mut- change
myx-   slime

N

nanos- dwarf
ne(o)- new
necr(o)- dead
nephr- kidney
neur- nerve
nigr- black
nov- new

O

ocul- eye
odont- tooth
olig- few
orna- cancer
oo- egg
operculum- little cover
orth- straight
oxy- sharp, pointed

P

pach- thick
paed- child
palae-, pale- ancient, old
pan- panto – ali
pan-, pam- ali
ped- child
ped- foot
pedi – foot
pen- almost
penia-   deficiency
pept-  peptic, stomach
peri- around
petr- rock

phaeo- dark
phag- eat
philia- love, friendship
phyl- tribe
phyll- leaf
phyt-  plant
pii- hair
pir- pear
plas- mould
plen- full
plesi- near
pleth- full
pleur- side
pneu- air, lung
poly- many
porphyr- purple
post- after, behind
pre- before
prim- first
prot(o)- first
pseud(o)- false
psil(o)- bare
psychr(o)- cold
pulmon- lung
purpur- purple
pyl- gate
pyo- pus
pyro- heat, fire

Q

quadr- four

R

radi- beam, spoke
ram- branch
retro- backward, behind
rhabd- rod
rhin- nose, snout
rhiza-  root
ruber, rubra, rubrum- red

S

sacchar- sugar
sai- salt
sanguin- blood
sapiens- wise
sarc(o)- flesh 
schis- split
scler- hard
scop-, scopy, scept- look at, examine, view,
observe
scut- shield
serr- saw, saw-toothed
sinus- hollow, bay
soma- body
spher- spheroid
spir- breathe
spor- seed
squam- scale
staphylo- grapelike
stom(a)- mouth, opening
strepi- twisted, in chains
sucr- sugar
supra- above, over
syn-, sy-, syl-, sym- with

T

tach- swift
taenia-   ribbon
terr- dry land
terti- third
tetra- four
theca- case
toxo- arrow, dart
trich- hair
troph- feed, grow

U

und- wave

V

vac- empty
ver- true
verm- worm
verrucosus- rough skinned
viridis- green
vitr- glass
viv- live
vulg- common, crowd
vulgaris- common
vulner-   wound

X

xanth- yellow
xen- foreign
xer- dry

Font: Nature

a- , n- / Not, without / No, senza
ab-, a-, abs-  / Away / Lontano da
acr-, acro- / Height, summit, tip / Altezza
albus / White / Bianco
ambi- / Both, on both sides / Entrambi
ampulla- / Bottle, flask / Bottiglia, matraccio
ana- / Again, against, back / Contro
angeion / Vessel / Contenitore
ant-, anti- / Against, oppose sto, preventive / Opposto a
ante-, anti- / Before, in front of, prior to / Prima di
anth- antho / Flower / Fiore
Aqu- / Water / Acqua
Archaeo-, archeo-  / Ancient  / Antico
Arthr-, arthro- / Joint / Articolazione
Astr-, astro- / Star, star shaped / Stella, a forma di stella
Aur- / Relating to gold or gold colored / In relazione all’oro od al suo colore
Aureus- / Golden, gold coin / Dorato
Avi- / Bird / uccello

B  

Bac- / Rod shaped / Forma arrotondata
Baro- / Weight, pressure / Pressione
Basi- / At the bottom / Alla base
Bi- / Two / Due
Bio- / Life / Vita
Blast- / Germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus 
Bon- / Good Buono
Bor- / North Nord
Brach- / Short Corto
Brachi-, brachio- / Arm / Braccio
Brachys- brachy / Short / Corto
Brief-  / Short time / Tempo breve
Brevis- / Short / Breve
Bronch- / Windpipe 
Bucc- / Cheek, mouth, cavity / Bocca, cavità
Burs- / Pouch, purse / Borsa

C  

Camp- / Field / Campo
Cand- / Glowing, iridescent / Iridescente
Canis- / Dog / Cane
Cap-, cip-, capt- / Hold, take 
Capit-, cipit-  / Head / Testa
Cav- / Hollow / Cavità
Cen- / New / Nuovo
Cephale- / Head / Testa
Cephalo- / Head / Testa
Cervic- / Relating to the neck / In relazione al collo
Chrom- / Colour / Colore
Chryso- / Gold / Oro
Clad- / Branch / Ramificazione
Coccus- / Seed, sphere  / Sfera
Cochl- / Shell / Conchiglia
Coel / Hollow / Concavo, vuoto
Crypt- / Hidden / Nascosto
Cune- / Wedge / Cuneo
Curv- / Bent / Incurvato
Cyan- / Blue / Blù

D  

Deca- / Ten / Dieci
Derma- / Skin / Pelle
Dino- / Terrible / Terribile
Diplo- / Duble / Doppio
Dorsum- / Back / Dorso

E  

Echinos-, echino- / Hedgehog, sea-urchin, spiny 
Equ- / Orse / Cavallo
Erytros-, erytro- / Red / Rosso
Eu- / Well 
Exo- / Outside / Esterno

F  

Falc / Sickle / Falce
Fasc- / Bundle / Fascio
Felis- / Cat / Felino
Ferr- / Iron / Ferro
Flav- / Yellow / Giallo
Flavus- / Golden yellow / Giallastro
Fort- / Strong / Forte
Fruct- / Fruit / Frutto
Fulvus / Deep yellow / Giallo pesante
Fung-  / Do 
Fusc- / Dark / Scuro

G  

Galact- / Milk / Latte
Gastr- / Stomach / Stomaco
Geo- / Earth / Terra
Glabra- / Smooth, hairless / Senza capelli

H  

Haemo-  Haema / Blood / Sangue
Hali / Salt / Sale
Heli- , helio / Sun / Sole
Helico- / Spiral / Spirale
Homo- / Same / Stesso
Homeo- / Like / Simile
Hydro- / Water / Acqua
Hyper- / Above / Oltre

I-K  

Intra- / Within / Entro
Kil- / Thousand / Migliaio

L  

Lact- / Milk / Latte
Lat- / Broad, wide / Ampio
Leuco- / White / Bianco
Lig- / Bind / Legame
Lip- / Fat / Grasso
Lith- / Stone / Pietra
Luc- / Bright, light / Lucente
Lutea-  / Yellow, saffron coloured / Giallo

M  

Macr- / Long / Lungo
Macro- / Long, Large / Lungo, largo
Mamm- / Brest / Mammella
Medi-, midi- / Middle / Medio
Meg- / Great, large / Grande
Melan- / Black, dark / Nero, scuro
Mening- / Membrane / Membrana
Mes- / Middle / Medio
Micro- / Small / Piccolo
Mill- / Thousand / Migliaia
Min- / Less / Meno
Mir- / Wonder, amazement / Meraviglioso
Mono- / Single / Singolo
Morph-, morpho- / Shape, form / Forma
Mort- / Dead / Morte
Mur- / Wall / Parete
Mut- / Change / Variazione
Myx- / Slime 

N  

Nanos / Dwarf / Nano
Neo- / New / Nuovo
Nephr- / Kidney / Rene
Neur- / Nerve / Nervo
Nov- / New / Novità

O  

Ocul- / Eye / Occhio
Odont- / Tooth / Dente
Olig- / Few / Alcuni
Oma- / Cancer / Cancro
OO- / Egg / Uovo
Operculum / Little cover / Piccola apertura
Orth / Straight / Diritto
Oxy- / Sharp, pointed / Affilato, appuntito

P  

Pach- / Thick 
Paed- / Ped Child / Pediatrico
Palae- / Ancient, old / Antico, vecchio
Pan- / All / Tutto
Pedi- / Foot / Piede
Pen- / Almost / Quasi
Penia- / Deficiency / Mancanza
Pept- / Peptic, / Stomaco
Peri- / Around / Attorno
Petr- / Rock / Roccia
Phaeo- / Dark / Scuro
Phag- / Eat / Fagocitare
Philia- / Love, friendship / Amichevole
Phyl- / Tribe / Tribù
Phyll / Leaf / Foglia
Phyt- / Plant / Vegetale
Pil- / Hair / Capello
Pir- / Pear / Pera
Plas- / Mould 
Plen-, pleth / Full / Pieno
Plesi- / Near / Vicino
Pleur- / Side / A lato
Pneu- / Air, lung / Aria, polmone
Poly- / Many / Molti
Porphyr- / Purple / Porpora
Post- / After, behind / Dopo
Pre- / Before / Prima
Prim-, Prot- / First / Primo
Pseudo- / False / Falso
Psil- / Bare / Scoperto
Psychro- / Cold / Freddo
Pulmon- / Lung / Polmone
Purpur- / Purple / Porpora
Pyl- / Gate 
Pyo- / Pus Pus
Pyro- / Heat, fire / Calore, fuoco

Q  

Quadr- / Four / Quattro

R  

Radi- / Beam / Raggio
Ram- / Branch / Ramificazione
Retro- / Backward, behind / Dietro
Rhabd- / Rod / Bastoncino
Rhin- / Nose / Naso
Rhiza- / Root / Radice
Rubber-, rubra-, rubrum- / Red / Rosso

S  

Sacchar- / Sugar / Zucchero
Sal- / Salt / Sale
Sanguin- / Blood / Sangue
Sapiens- / Wise / Sapiente
Sarc- / Flesh 
Schis_ / Split / Diviso, fessura
Scler- / Hard 
Scop- / Look at, examine, observe / Gurdare, esaminare, osservare
Scut- / Shield / Scudo
Serr- / Saw-toothed / Dentato
Sinus- / Hollow, bay / Sinusoide
Soma- / Body / Corpo
Spher- / Spheroid / Sferoide
Spir- / Breathe / Soffio, respiro
Spor- / Seed / Sporificare
Squam- / Scale / Scaglia
Staphylo- / Grapelike / Grappolo
Stom- / Mouth, opening / Bocca, apertura
Strept- / Twisted, in chain / Avvolto, a catena
Sucr- / Sugar / Zucchero
Supra- / Above, over / Oltre, sopra
Syn-, sym- / With / Con

T  

Tach- / Swift / Veloce
Taenia- / Ribbon / Nastro
Terr- / Dry land / Terra
Terti- / Third / Terzo
Tetra- / Four / Quattro
Theca- / Case / Teca
Toxo- / Arrow, dart / Freccia
Trich- / Hair / Capello
Troph- / Feed, grow 

U-V  

Und- / Wave / Onda
Vac- / Empty / Vuoto
Ver- / True / Vero
Verm- / Worm / Verme
Verrucosus- / Rough skinnes / Verrucoso
Viridis- / Green / Verde
Vitr- / Glass / Vetro
Viv- / Live / Vivo
Vulg-, vulgaris / Common, crowd  /Comune
Vulner- / Wound / Ferita

X  

Xanth- / Yellow / Giallo
Xen- / Foreign / Estraneo
Xer- / Drt / Secco

Z  

Zyg- / Yoke / Giogo
Zygos- / Joined / Unione

Font: Society for General Microbiology

www.sgm.ac.uk

B
Bacterial spore - A resistant body produced by a vegetative bacterial cell. These spores may be resistant to heat, ultraviolet light, and may remain dormant for extended periods of time 
Bactericide - A substance or formulation capable of destroying bacteria
Bacteriostat - A compound or formulation that retards or prevent the growth of bacteria. Bacteriostats act reversibly; when they are removed, cells resume their normal growth patterns
Bioburden - A measure of the number of micro-organisms resident  or within products and inanimate objects. A common synonyms is micro-count

C
Certificate of Compliance - A written statement signed by a qualified  person and accompanied by substantiating information, attesting that the items or services are in accordance with specified requirements
Certification - The culmination of procedures leading for validation, expressed in the form of written evidence (certificate of compliance) that verification has been accomplished  in accordance with specified testing procedures such as FED-STD-209
CFU - Colony Forming Unit - An individual or an aggregate of many microbial cells which, when cultivated on solid media, will develop into a single visual colony
Challenge Aerosol - An aerosol derived from the selected aerosol source material and used as the test challenge for filter medium testing
Chemical compatibility - The ability of a material to withstand  chemical contact with minimal interaction
Chemical degradation - Changes in materials that occur when  they come into contact with chemicals. Degradation may take such forms as swelling, loss of tensile strength, or loss of abrasion resistance
Class (airborne particulate) - The cleanliness class as defined by FED-STD-209
Clean Air Device - A clean bench, clean work station, download module, or other equipment designed to control particulate air cleanliness in a localised working area and incorporating, as a minimum, a HEPA filter and a blower 
Clean Air Device (laminar flow) - This term is no longer in use. See clean-air device, unidirectional flow
Clean Air Device (unidirectional flow) - A clean work station or other device that incorporates one or more HEPA or ULPA filters and one or more motor-blowers for the purpose of supplying unidirectional-flow clean air to a controlled work space 
Clean Air System - A system designed to maintain the cleanliness of air in a clean room or clean zone at or below a specified airborne particulate cleanliness class 
Cleaning agent - A liquid that enhance the removal of contaminants from surfaces, by such mechanism as dissolution, reducing surface tension, and neutralising electrostatic charge. Cleaning agents can also be disinfectants.
Cleanroom - A room in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled  and which contains one or more clean zones
Cleanroom facility as-built - A cleanroom that is complete and ready for operation, with all services connected and functional , but without production equipments or personnel within the facility
Cleanroom facility at-rest - A cleanroom facility that is complete and has the production equipments installed and operating, but is without personnel within the facility
Cleanroom facility operational - A cleanroom facility in normal operation with all services functioning and with production equipments and personnel, if applicable, present and performing their normal work function in the facility
Cleanroom, laminar air flow - This term is no longer in use. See cleanroom, unidirectional
Cleanroom mixed airflow - A hybrid cleanroom consisting of a combination of an unidirectional airflow cleanroom and a nonunidirectional-flow cleanroom 
Cleanroom non unidirectional airflow - A cleanroom in which airflow exist with a multiplicity of flow directions or multiple-pass circulations or both
Cleanroom turbulent airflow - This term is no longer in use. See cleanroom, nonunidirectional airflow
Cleanroom unidirectional airflow - A cleanroom in which airflows have generally parallel streamlines operating in a single direction and with uniform velocity over the cross section
Contaminant - Any unwanted substance present in or a material or an surface within a clean zone
Contamination - The result of the addition of contaminants to a material or to any surface within a clean zone.
Contamination control - Any organized effort taken to reduce the level of contamination
Controlled environment - An  environment in which  parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, contaminant level are controlled within specified limits

D
Decontamination - The removal of contaminants present in or on a material
Decontamination factor - The ratio of the concentration of contaminant before and after decontamination, cleaning or treating
Disinfectant - An agent, chemical or physical, designed to reduce the population of micro-organisms

F
Filter - A device used to remove particulate  matter or impurities  from a fluid (liquid or gas) flowing through it
Filter, mechanical - Any device that remove particles  from a fluid by  mechanism of impaction, settling, screening, inertia, diffusion, or any combination thereof
Filter, membrane - A filter, generally thin  and manufactured  from polymeric plastics or from metal, the open structure of which is comprised of pores or capillaries in a controlled range of sizes
Flora - The type of microbiological organisms found in an environment
Fumigation - A process of decontamination in which the decontaminant is administered in gaseous, smoke or aerosol form at ambient pressure
Fungi - Non photosynthetic micro-organisms  possessing cell wall and usually growing  as amass of branching interlacing filaments known as mycelia. The mycelial forms are called moulds, and the nonmycelial  forms are called  yeast. Fungi are usually larger than 0,4 um in size
Fungicide - A substance that is capable of destroying fungi
Fungistat - A substance that retards or prevents the growth of fungi. The effects of fungistats are reversible; when the fungistats are removed, the fungi resume their normal growth patterns

G
Garments for cleanroopm - Specially designed items of clothing that are worn to prevent or reduce the dispersion of contaminants that may be shed or released by personnel (footwear, shoe cover, gloves, head covers)
Gram-negative bacteria - Bacteria that do not retain  the purple colour of the crystal violet dye when treated with Gram’s stain microscopic technique
Gram-positive bacteria - Bacteria that retain  the purple colour of the crystal violet dye when treated with Gram’s stain microscopic technique
Gravimetric analysis - A standard analytical technique used to determine the mass of a specified material  and commonly used to quantify the amount of  non volatile residue in a solvent

H
HEPA - High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

I
Impaction - Physical contact of particles with other surfaces in response  to the application of an external force. The term is occasionally used synonymously with impingement
Impactor - A sampling device capable of removing particles from a suspension using he principle of impaction (impingement)
Impactor, cascade - A “cascade impactor” refers to a specific instrument that employs several impactions in series to collect particles of successively smaller sizes 
Impingement - A sampling procedures whereby particles are removed from a gaseous suspension by forcibly directing the flowing gas against a collection surface
Impingement dry - Impingement in which the particle-colleting surface is a solid or a solid coated with an adhesive
Impingement wet - Impingement in which the particle-collecting surface is a liquid or is located beneath the surface of a liquid bath
Isoaxial - A condition of sampling in which the direction of the air flow into the sampling probe inlet is the same as that of the unidirectional airflow being sampled
Isokinetic sampling - The condition of isoaxial sampling in which the mean velocity of the air entering the sampling probe inlet is the same as the mean velocity of the unidirectional airflow at that location

L
Laminar air flow - The term is no longer in use. See unidirectional airflow
Launderability -  The ability of an article such as glove or garment to be laundered to a specific  level of cleanliness
Leak Test - A procedure for evaluating the potential for particle intrusion into a clean zone

M
Microbiological Clean Area - A defined space with a filtered air supply that is designed to accommodate the performance of activities for which the control of viable particles is essential
Monitoring - The routine determination of airborne particle concentrations, as well as other relevant parameters, in Clean Rooms and clean zones

N
Non corrosive - Term applied to substances that have a minimal effect on the integrity or appearance of surfaces with which they come in contact
Non ionic - A term used to describe materials that do not posses a net electrical charge
Nonunidirectional airflow - Airflow that does not qualify as unidirectional because it has a multiplicity  of flow directions or multiple pass circulation, or both

P
Particle - An object that is solid, liquid or both, usually between  1 nanometer and 1 millimetre in size
Particle burden - The number of particles in the relevant size range per unit area of surface
Particle concentration - The number of particles per unit volume of fluid
Particle count - The number of particles detected (or reported) in a given volume of fluid
Particle counter, airborne - An instrument for continuous counting of airborne particles larger than a given threshold size. The sensing means may be optical, electrical, aerodynamic, etc.
Particle deposition - The portion of the transient particle population that does not remain airborne, typically with respect to a specified period of time, under the influence of ambient airflow conditions, air and surface temperature, and localised electrostatic charges
Particle diameter, mass median - A measure of median particle diameter based on the particle mass
Particle size - The apparent maximum linear dimension of a particle in the plane of observation, observed with an optical microscope or the equivalent diameter of a particle detected by automatic instrumentation
Particle size distribution - The relative mass or number of particles present in a series of discrete subdivision of the overall range of designed particle sizes
Particulate - An adjective referring to particles (e.g.: particulate matter)
Pathogen - A micro-organism capable of causing disease
Plenum chamber - An enclosed, positive pressure section of a gas supply system, designed to ensure even distribution of flow. Examples include: (a) the point of origin for air distribution in air conditioning and ventilation; (b) the supply source for a filtration system to create even distribution of the gas to each filter unit
Precision - The closeness of agreement between values obtained by repeated measurements of the same quantity under the identical conditions; also known as repeatability or reproducibility
Pre-filter - A cleaning unit installed upstream of another unit to protect the latter from high concentration of contaminants. Pre-filters are usually less efficient and less expensive that the units they protect
Prep-Area (Decontamination area) - A cleanroom or clean zone in which preliminary cleaning or other preparatory procedures are performed before entry into the operational cleanroom. The prep area typically is less clean than the operational cleanroom
Pressure differential - The difference in pressure between two points of a system, which may be separated by a solid or fluid barrier
Pressure gauge - The amount by which the total absolute pressure exceeds the ambient atmospheric pressure
Pressure, total - The sum of static pressure and velocity pressure at the point of measurement
Pressure, velocity - The impact pressure associated with the velocity of a flowing fluid. It is related to the kinetic energy per unit volume of the flow
Primary surface - A surface that is in direct contact with the product
Pyrogen - A substance capable of producing a fever. Common pyrogens are endotoxins, a class of lipopolysaccharides that comprise the outer wall of Gram-negative bacteria and are themselves by-products of cell metabolism

R
Re-circulated air - The portion of the clean room air supply that has been re-circulated by the air-handling equipment
Recommended Practice - A published document that provides technical guidance, philosophy, or preferred procedures regarding a given topic
Residence time - The finite period of time during which a material is contained within a handling or processing system, wherein component of the material may be subjected to change.

S
Sampling - A process consisting of the withdrawal or isolation of a fractional part of a whole. In air or gas analysis, the separation of a portion of an ambient atmosphere with or without the simultaneous isolation of selected components
Sampling, continuous - Sampling without interruption  throughout an operation or for a predetermined time
Sampling, instantaneous - Sampling of a period of time that is negligible in comparison to the duration of the operation or to the total period of time being studied
Sampling, intermittent - Sampling successively for a limited period of time throughout an operation or for a pre-determined period of time. The duration of sampling periods and of the intervals between are not necessarily regular and are not specified
SAS Surface Air System - Microbiological air sampler
Secondary surface - A surface that is not in contact with the product, but which indirectly affects the product
Simultaneous counting system - A system that uses a pair of detectors to simultaneously determine the concentrations of the test aerosol both upstream and downstream of the filter medium
Sporicide - A substance or formulation capable of destroying bacterial spores
Standard air - Air at 50% relative humidity, with a temperature of 21°C and pressure of 760 mm Hg
Sterilisation - A physical or chemical process that completely destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life

T
Tunnel - A mini-environment in which an enclosure separates the tools and wafer-handling robot aisle from the general clean room; or an enclosed single-wafer track for transport into and between tools

U
Unidirectional air flow - Air that flows in a single pass in a single direction through a clean room or clean zone with generally parallel streamlines. Formerly referred to as laminar airflow

V
Validation - Establishment, by means of a  specified testing program, that a system or facility under test is capable of performing as intended
Verification - The procedure for determining compliance of air in a clean room or clean zone to a specified airborne particulate cleanliness class limit or U descriptor; also the result of determining such compliance
Viable particle - A particle capable of reproduction ; a living organism
Virus - An obligate intracellular parasite, typically in the size range of 0.01 to 0.1 um, that can infect and cause disease in man, animals, plants, and insects

W
Wiper - A piece of fabric or cloth designed for cleaning and removing liquids from critical surfaces.

Fonte:  Manual of Microbiology